Noise Induced hearing loss is when our hearing is damaged by exposure to sound
Short term
Short term hearing loss occurs after exposure to loud noise such as a concert. This loss of hearing is a protective mechanism known as the Acoustic Reflex.
Long term
Being exposed to dBs above 80 for a long period of time can cause permanent hearing loss as can regular exposure above 110dB for a minute.
This exposure can cause an infection called tinnitus. 'It is an awareness of sound in the ears or head which is not from an external source.' (1) It can be described as a h igh pitched whistle, ring or buzz.
The best way to combat hearing loss is to wear ear protection. As a consumer foam ear plugs will do but for musicians & technicians they're no good. High fidelity earplugs & Custom moulded ear plugs are able to reduce noise while keeping clarity. Also take regular breaks from loud noise where you can and don't stand to close to loud speakers.
(1) - https://www.hearinglink.org/your-hearing/tinnitus/what-is-tinnitus/
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